Nominator's project description
| Developmental biology
A human pregnancy lasts roughly nine months whereas in a mouse it only takes 20 days and in an elephant a whole 22 months. During the embryonic stage in many species, the sequence and basic mechanisms of the developmental process are largely the same, but the speed of development differs substantially.
The physical principles and molecular causes of these differences are still unclear, not least because it is technically difficult and ethically controversial to compare the embryos of several species. Numerous environmental factors such as nutrients and body temperature have to be normed before such a comparison can be made. Moreover, access to embryos of most species, including humans and elephants, is very restricted.
Miki Ebisuya found a new technical approach to tackling this problem. Her group recapitulated the developmental processes in vitro (in a test tube) by using pluripotent stem cells from several species. Pluripotent stem cells can develop into every type of cell in an organism and even produce 3D tissue, known as organoids, that imitate certain aspects of development. Potentially, in vitro models of this kind can be created from many species which can then be compared under identical culture conditions. Miki Ebisuya has built a unique “stem cell zoo” with stem cells from many different species that now allows the very first systematic analysis of the developmental time of various species.
At TU Dresden, interdisciplinary research into biological questions is already firmly established. A leading role in this is played by the cluster of excellence “Physics of Life” which unites biology and physics, supplementing them with approaches taken from bioengineering and bioinformatics. Miki Ebisuya’s expertise in synthetic biology and optogenetics will complement the Physics of Life cluster perfectly, expanding it to embrace investigations into the biological clock and the three-dimensional self-organisation of tissue development. |
